DiagonalisationWriting A as PDP inverse, and when that is not possible.MathematicsA = PDP⁻¹ turns matrix powers into scalar powers.1Find all the eigenvaluesRoots of det(A − λI) = 0, listed with their multiplicities.2Find n independent vectorsA basis of each eigenspace. Diagonalisable only if you reach n.3Build PThe columns of P are those eigenvectors, in a fixed order.4Build DThe diagonal entries are the eigenvalues, matching P column forcolumn.5Use itA^k = P D^k P⁻¹, and D^k just raises each diagonal entry to the k.A real symmetric matrix is always diagonalisable, by an orthogonal P. Amatrix with a repeated eigenvalue may not be.Diagonalisationlearnposters.com
Diagonalisation — printable math wall chart from LearnPosters. Free vector PDF, US Letter and A4.

Diagonalisation, step by step

A = PDP⁻¹ turns matrix powers into scalar powers.

  1. Find all the eigenvaluesRoots of det(A − λI) = 0, listed with their multiplicities.
  2. Find n independent vectorsA basis of each eigenspace. Diagonalisable only if you reach n.
  3. Build PThe columns of P are those eigenvectors, in a fixed order.
  4. Build DThe diagonal entries are the eigenvalues, matching P column for column.
  5. Use itA^k = P D^k P⁻¹, and D^k just raises each diagonal entry to the k.

A real symmetric matrix is always diagonalisable, by an orthogonal P. A matrix with a repeated eigenvalue may not be.

Questions about the Diagonalisation poster

What’s on the Diagonalisation poster?
5 numbered steps. A = PDP⁻¹ turns matrix powers into scalar powers. Find all the eigenvalues — Roots of det(A − λI) = 0, listed with their multiplicities.; Find n independent vectors — A basis of each eigenspace. Diagonalisable only if you r…; Build P — The columns of P are those eigenvectors, in a fixed order.; Build D — The diagonal entries are the eigenvalues, matching P column for column.; Use it — A^k = P D^k P⁻¹, and D^k just raises each diagonal entry to the k.. A real symmetric matrix is always diagonalisable, by an orthogonal P. A matrix with a repeated eigenvalue may not be.
Who is the Diagonalisation poster for?
Diagonalisation belongs to the Mathematics section rather than to a school year, because math is not something one grade owns. Anyone learning linear algebra can pin it up — a beginner, a student mid-course, or someone revising years later.
When should you use the Diagonalisation poster?
When you need a high power of a matrix, or a matrix exponential. A wall chart earns its place by being glanceable from where the work is happening, so Diagonalisation belongs on the wall where that math work actually happens, within glancing distance, rather than filed away.
What other posters go with Diagonalisation?
Basis & Dimension, Determinant Properties and Dot & Cross Product sit alongside Diagonalisation in the Mathematics section. Printed together they make a wall rather than a single sheet, which is how a reference set actually gets used.Basis & DimensionDeterminant PropertiesDot & Cross Product
Is the Diagonalisation poster free to download and print?
Yes. Diagonalisation downloads as a free PDF with no account, no email and no watermark, like everything else in the Mathematics section. Print as many copies as you like for a home, a classroom, a library or a tutoring group; reselling the file is the only thing the licence rules out.Read the licence
What size does the Diagonalisation poster print at?
Diagonalisation is a vector PDF laid out for US Letter, and prints on A4 with Fit to page — the same file, no separate download. Because every mark on it is drawn rather than photographed, it stays sharp enlarged to A3, A2 or A1 at a copy shop. Colour carries emphasis only, so a greyscale print of Diagonalisation loses nothing.Printing guide

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