Transcription & Translation, step by step
From gene to polypeptide.
- TranscriptionRNA polymerase makes pre-mRNA from the template strand, in the nucleus.
- SplicingIntrons removed, exons joined. Alternative splicing yields several proteins from one gene.
- mRNA leaves the nucleusThrough a nuclear pore to a ribosome.
- TranslationtRNA brings amino acids matching each codon.
- FoldingThe polypeptide folds; often modified in the ER and Golgi.
The code
- 64 codons, 20 amino acids
- Degenerate: several codons per amino acid
- AUG starts; UAA, UAG, UGA stop
The genetic code is near-universal across life, which is itself strong evidence for common descent.
Questions about the Transcription & Translation poster
- What’s on the Transcription & Translation poster?
- 5 numbered steps, with a full worked run-through. From gene to polypeptide. Transcription — RNA polymerase makes pre-mRNA from the template strand, in the nucleus.; Splicing — Introns removed, exons joined. Alternative splicing yields several protein…; mRNA leaves the nucleus — Through a nuclear pore to a ribosome.; Translation — tRNA brings amino acids matching each codon.; Folding — The polypeptide folds; often modified in the ER and Golgi.. The genetic code is near-universal across life, which is itself strong evidence for common descent.
- Who is the Transcription & Translation poster for?
- Transcription & Translation belongs to the Biology section rather than to a school year, because life science is not something one grade owns. Anyone learning cell biology can pin it up — a beginner, a student mid-course, or someone revising years later.
- When should you use the Transcription & Translation poster?
- DNA to RNA to protein. The central dogma, and the direction is one way for these steps. A wall chart earns its place by being glanceable from where the work is happening, so Transcription & Translation belongs on the wall where that life science work actually happens, within glancing distance, rather than filed away.
- What other posters go with Transcription & Translation?
- Cell Cycle Control, Differentiation and The Cell Membrane sit alongside Transcription & Translation in the Biology section. Printed together they make a wall rather than a single sheet, which is how a reference set actually gets used.Cell Cycle ControlDifferentiationThe Cell Membrane
- Is the Transcription & Translation poster free to download and print?
- Yes. Transcription & Translation downloads as a free PDF with no account, no email and no watermark, like everything else in the Biology section. Print as many copies as you like for a home, a classroom, a library or a tutoring group; reselling the file is the only thing the licence rules out.Read the licence
- What size does the Transcription & Translation poster print at?
- Transcription & Translation is a vector PDF laid out for US Letter, and prints on A4 with Fit to page — the same file, no separate download. Because every mark on it is drawn rather than photographed, it stays sharp enlarged to A3, A2 or A1 at a copy shop. Colour carries emphasis only, so a greyscale print of Transcription & Translation loses nothing.Printing guide
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